To: <anthroposophy_tomorrow@yahoogroups.com>
References: <20040221211634.93337.qmail@web14425.mail.yahoo.com>
Subject: Translation of Steiner's 1924 stance on Zionism
Date: Sun, 14 Mar 2004 13:33:16 -0500
Peter,
With your first post to the group, you offered this quote
as an example of Steiner's anti-Semitism. Since you have cited
the German, I'll assume you translated it. (I should note
that my following points will apply regardless of the source
of the translation.)
The original question that Steiner was addressing is:
Fragestellung: Hat das jüdische Volk seine Mission in
der Menschheitsenrwickelung erfüllt?
(Question: Has the Jewish Volk completed its mission in the
development of humanity?)
Steiner starts off:
"Ja, sehen Sie, das ist eine Frage, die natürlich,
wenn man sie bespricht, leider allzuschnell in die Agitation
hineintreibt."
"Yes, you see, that is a question that naturally, when
it is discussed, unfortunately all too quickly devolves into
agitation."
Then Steiner spends five pages describing with praise the
Jewish Volk of old, especially the ancient pre-Christian Jewish
Volk. Then he moves on to a two page description of the considerations
behind the attempts to found a Jewish state in Palestine.
At the very end comes one paragraph, which is rendered (presumably
by Peter Staudenmaier) so:
"This discussion that I have just described to you took
place before the Great War of 1914 to 1918, you see. The fact
that people no longer want the great universal-human principles,
but prefer to segregate themselves and develop national forces,
that is exactly what lead to the great war! Thus the greatest
tragedy of this 20th century has come from what the Jews are
also striving for. And one can say that since everything the
Jews have done can now be done consciously by all people,
the best thing that the Jews could do would be to disappear
into the rest of humankind, to blend in with the rest of humankind,
so that Jewry as a people would simply cease to exist. That
is what would be ideal. This ideal is still opposed, even
today, by many Jewish habits – and above all by the
hatred of other people. That is what must be overcome."
(Steiner in 1924: Die Geschichte der Menschheit und die Weltanschauungen
der Kulturvölker p. 189)
My translation goes thus:
"This discussion [among the founders of Zionism] that
I have just described to you took place before the Great War
of 1914 to 1918, you see, and that people no longer want the
broad, universally-human principles, but rather desire to
segregate, to develop the forces of 'Volk', this is precisely
which has led to the great war! And so the greatest tragedy
of this 20th century [WWI] came from that same thing which
the Jews also desired. And so you can say: since everything
that the Jewish Volk has done can now be done in a conscious
way by all human beings, for example, the Jews could accomplish
nothing better than to become absorbed into the rest of humanity,
to intermingle with the rest of humanity, so that Jewishnes
as a Volk would simply cease to exist. That is something which
could be an ideal. Against this still struggle many Jewish
habits, especially a hate for other human beings. And it is
precicely that which must be overcome. These things will not
be overcome if everything remains as it was in ancient times."
Commentary:
Since the statement is within the context of a discussion
of then-contemporary Zionism and references the developments
in Palestine - deploring the hatred of another people (the
Palestinians) by the Jews - it shows a considerable degree
of foresight. Steiner is saying that Jews should not attempt
to create an Old Testament state in Palestine at the cost
of hatred of other peoples, but should instead assimilate
into the larger culture of wherever they live. And the statement
applies not just to German Jews and Austrian Jews, but to
all Jews, wherever they might live in the world. This is Steiner's
actual position, and not that individual German Jews should
"cease to exist." Whether this position is "anti-Semitic"
or not can be discussed, and will depend largely on how you
define "anti-Semitic".
And of course the context does lead to a reinterpretation
of several phrases (the supposedly Jewish-hostile additional
positions that purportedly make Steiner's pro-assimilation
stance here an anti-Semitic one). For example, the phrase
"everything that the Jewish Volk has done can now be
done in a conscious way by all human beings" refers to
the five pages of description of the special tasks of the
Jewish Volk that preceded this quote. Calling a hate for other
peoples a "Jewish habit" seems at first glance to
be harsh, but it is specifically directed to Zionist behavior
in Palestine, which is largely agreed to have been deplorable
even back then.
On the Translation:
I have stayed very close to the German, at the expense of
the flow in English, in order to convey as accurately as possible
the exact statements on this sensitive theme.
Daniel Hindes
The original German:
"Dieses Gespräch, das ich Ihnen jetzt erzählt
habe, hat stattgefunden vor dem großen Kriege 1914 bis
1918, sehen Sie, und daß die Menschen nicht mehr wollen
die großen allgemein-menschlichen Prinzipe, sondern
sich absondern, Volkskräfte entwickeln wollen, das hat
eben gerade zu dem großen Krieg geführt! Und
so ist das größte Unglück dieses 20. Jahrhunderts
gekommen von dem, was die Juden auch wollen. Und so kann man
sagen: Da alles dasjenige, was die Juden getan haben, jetzt
in bewußter Weise von allen Menschen zum Beispiel getan
werden könnte, so könnten die Juden eigentlich nichts
Besseres vollbringen, als aufgehen in der übrigen Menschheit,
sich vermischen mit der übrigen Menschheit, so daß
das Judentum als Volk einfach aufhören würde. Das
ist dasjenige, was ein Ideal wäre. Dem widerstreben heute
noch viele jüdische Gewohnheiten - und vor allen Dingen
der Haß der ändern Menschen. Und das ist gerade
dasjenige, was überwunden werden müßte.
Die Dinge werden nicht überwunden, wenn alles beim alten
bleibt. Und wenn sich die Juden zum Beispiel beleidigt fühlen,
wenn man sagt: Ihr seid keine Bildhauer, ihr könnt da
nichts leisten - so kann man sich sagen: Es müssen doch
nicht alle Leute Bildhauer sein! Sie können doch durch
ihre persönlichen Fähigkeiten anderswo etwas leisten!
- So sind die Juden eben nicht zur Bildhauerei geeignet; sie
haben ja auch in die Zehn Gebote das eine aufgenommen: «Du
sollst dir von deinem Gotte kein Bild machen», weil
sie eben überhaupt in der bildlichen Anschaulichkeit
nichts Übersinnliches darstellen wollen. Dadurch
wird man gerade auf das Persönliche zurückgewiesen."
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